The monography gives basic information about sulphate-reducing bacteria importance, occurrence and exploitation. They are important component of the microbial association - "sulphuretum" and may be used for the waste water purification of heavy metals. Monography is provided to the specialists from the area of waste-water treatment plant technologies in the water economy from the different industry, all above for metallurgy, mining, ecology as well as for the university students of this study fields.